Geologicheskii Vestnik

Interactive map is an electronic map interfaced with a database of objects contained in it. It allows the user to obtain the spatial position of the selected object and its characteristics in real time. Sinkhole is a sudden formation of a negative landform with steep or overhanging sides. Sinkholes have a negative impact on the stability of existing socio-economic objects and the moral and psychological state of people. By genesis they can be natural (due to natural causes) and technogenic (caused by anthropogenic impact on the state of the subsoil). The formation of natural sinkholes is associated with the development of the karst process in the area under consideration, technogenic ones are caused by accidents in underground water supply and sewerage systems. According to the formation mechanism, the first ones are represented by karst-gravity sinkholes, the second ones – by technogenic gravitaty and technogenic suffosion sinkholes. Karst-gravity sinkholes are formed as a result of the collapse of karst cavity vaults, technogenic gravity sinkholes are formed as a result of the collapse of vaults of tunnel-like gravity water-bearing communications, and technogenic suffosion sinkholes caused by water main breaks. According to the current normative documents on design and construction of buildings and structures, failure of formation (cases per year) is one of the main indicators of karst hazard of any karst territory. The created and replenished interactive map of karst sinkholes is intended for operative obtaining of data on them during engineering-geological surveys for built-up areas, selection of karst protection measures and making management decisions during planning of newly developed areas. The interactive map was created for the first time on the basis of the database of sinkholes with fixed time of formation on the platform of the website of UfaStroyIzyskaniya LLC.

program-independent electronic map, sulfate karst, carbonate karst, karst-gravity sinkhole, technogenic gravity sinkhole, technogenic suffosion sinkhole

• Epifanova D.R., Smirnov A.I. (2022) Current activity of karst and man-made sinkholes on the territory of the Ufa "peninsula". Geology, Geoecology, and Resource Potential of the Urals and Adjacent Territories. Collection of Articles from the All-Russian Youth Conference, Ufa. Moscow: Pero Publ. 224–229 [Electronic Edition]. http://ig.ufaras.ru/x-vserossiyskaya-molodezhnaya-konferentsiya/ (In Russian).
• Epifanova D.R., Smirnov A.I. (2024) Review of Karst Research on the "Ufa Peninsula". Geology, minerals and problems of geoecology of Bashkortostan, the Urals and adjacent territories. Proceedings of the 15th Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference, Ufa, May 14–17, 2024. Moscow: Pero Publishing House. 86–90. (In Russian).
• VSN 2-86 Departmental building codes (1986) Instructions for surveys, design, construction, and operation of buildings in the karstified territories of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. / Gosstroy of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ufa, 48 p. (In Russian).
• Kamalov V.G., Baryshnikov V.I. (2019) Dangerous geological processes on the territory of the Ufa "peninsula" (Engineering geodynamics). Ufa: Informreklama Publ. 216 p.
• Smirnov A.I. (2004) Assessment of surface karstification of the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan.  Hydrogeology and Karstology. Issue 14. Perm: Publishing House of Perm State National Research University, 2004. 217–222. (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I. (2020a) Emergencies caused by karst in the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan. 37. No. 4 (100), 29–39. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24411/1728-5283-2020-10404
• Smirnov A.I. (2020b) Modern karst sinkholes in the territory of the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals (within the borders of the Republic of Bashkortostan) // Engineering Geology. 15. No. 4, 42–53. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25296/1993-5056-2020-15-4-42-53
• Smirnov A.I. (2023) Unconventional types of karsts of the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals // Geoecology. Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Geocryology. No. 3, 26–36. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31857/S0869780923030104
• Smirnov A.I. (2024) Abnormally large karst sinkholes in the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals, formed in 2023. Sergeyev Readings. Issue 25. Proceedings of the annual session of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology (March 28–29, 2024, Derbent–Moscow). Moscow: Geoinfo Publishing House, 2024. 90–94. (In Russian).
• SP 115.13330.2016 Set of Rules (2018). Geophysics of Dangerous Natural Effects. Updated Edition of SNiP 22-01-95. Moscow: Standartinform. Official Edition, 31 p. (In Russian).
• TSN 302-50-96 Territorial Construction Norms (1996) "Instructions for Surveying, Designing, Constructing, and Operating Buildings and Structures in Karst Areas." Ufa, Gosstroy of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 40 p. (In Russian).