Geologicheskii Vestnik

The Global Geopark UNESCO “Yangan-Tau” is the first GGN UNESCO in Russia; it is located within the boundaries of Salavat district of the Bashkortostan Republic. Geopark is located at the boundary between Europe and Asia; Geopark’ territory covers two major karst areas — 1) a karst of the East European Plain (karst of plains) and 2) the karst of the Ural mountains (karst of mountains). It is established that on the territory of Geopark, along with the traditional carbonate karst, specific clastic karst is developed. Carbonate karst is widespread in both plain and mountainous parts of the geopark and is associated mainly with the Lower and Upper Paleozoic limestones, dolomites and marls. Clastokarst is developed exclusively in the plain part of the geopark in gypsiferous Lower Permian terrigenous rocks. The forms of karst evidence and the main geological and geomorphological regularities of their distribution are characterized in the paper. When assessing the current activity of karst development and the degree of its impact on the settlements and other economic objects of the local ecionomy, the karst hazard is evaluated as non-hazardous and potentially hazardous. The map of the karst of the Geopark at a scale of 1:500,000 is presented, which reflects the types of karst and its most typical surface and underground forms

“Yangan-Tau” Geopark, Ufa Plateau, Ai River Plain, carbonate karst, clastokarst

• Abdrahmanov R.F. (2007a) Kurgazak. Bashkirskaja enciklopedija [Bashkir encyclopedia]. Ufa, 3, 611–612. (In Russian).
• Abdrahmanov R.F. (2007б) Kuselyarovskie sulfurous springs. Bashkirskaja enciklopedija [Bashkir encyclopedia]. Ufa, 3, 622. (In Russian).
• Abdrakhmanov R.F. (2018) Mineral springs of the “Yangan-Tau” resort area. Geologicheskii vestnik [Geological Bulletin], (1), 55–65. DOI: 10.31084 / 2619–0087 / 2018‑1‑5. (In Russian).
• Akbashev A.R., Abdrashitov R.Kh., Ardislamov F.R., Belan L.N., Bogdan E.A., Polezhankina P.G., Farhutdinov I.M., Farhutdinov A.M. (2018) Geopark “Yangan-Tau”. Geologicheskii vestnik — [Geological Bulletin], (1), 3–12. DOI: 10.31084 / 2619–0087 / 2018‑1‑1. (In Russian).
• Farhutdinov I.M., Farhutdinov A.M., Ismagilov R.A. (2018) Geological structure of Yangan-Tau Geopark. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta — Bulletin of the Bashkir University. 23 (4), 1128–1138. (In Russian).
• Maksimovich G.A. (1963) Osnovy karstovedeniya [Fundamentals of karst studies]. Tom 1. Voprosy morfologii karsta, speleologii i gidrogeologii karsta [Vol. 1. Questions of karst morphology, speleology and hydrogeology of karst]. Perm’, Book publ., 446 p. (In Russian).
• Martin V.I. (1972) Karst. Gidrogeologiya SSSR. Tom 15. Bashkirskaya ASSR [Hydrogeology of the USSR. Vol. 15. Bashkir ASSR]. Ed.E. A. Zubrov. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 77–91. (In Russian).
• Martin V.I. (2002а) Karst basins of the Volga-Ural anteclise and Pre-Uralian trough. In: R.F. Abdrahmanov, V.I. Martin, V.G. Popov, A.P. Rozhdestvenskii, A.I. Smirnov A.I. Travkin. Karst Bashkortostana [Karst of Bashkortostan]. Ufa, 74–109. (In Russian).
• Martin V.I. (2002б) Types and regionalization of the karst of Bashkortostan. In: R.F. Abdrahmanov, V.I. Martin, V.G. Popov, A.P. Rozhdestvenskii, A.I. Smirnov, A.I. Travkin. Karst Bashkortostana [Karst of Bashkortostan]. Ufa, 133–176. (In Russian).
• Rozhdestvenskii A.P. (1971) Noveishaya tektonika i razvitie rel’efa Yuzhnogo Priural’ya [Newest tectonics and development of the relief of the Southern Urals]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 286 p. (In Russian).
• Shevchenko A.M. (1973) Podzemnye vody permskih otlozhenii v yuzhnoi chasti Ufimskogo plato v svyazi s perspektivoi ispol’zovaniya ih dlya vodosnabzheniya. Dis. cand. geol.‑min. nauk [Groundwaters of Permian deposits in the southern part of the Ufa plateau in connection with the prospect of using their water supply. Cand. geol. and min. sci. diss]. Kazan’, University, 216 p. (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I. (2005) Genetic types and landforms. Atlas Respubliki Bashkortostan [Atlas of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Ufa. P. 65. (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I. (2019) Plain Karst of the Bashkir TransUrals and Its Practical Significance // Herald Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Ufa. Vol. 32. № 3 (95). P. 25–33. DOI: 10.244111728–5283 / -2019–10303
• Smirnov A.I. (2020) Modern karst sinkholes in the Southern Urals and Cis-Urals(within the borders of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Inzhenernaya geologiya — Engineering Geology, 15 (4), 42–53, DOI: 10.25296 / 1993‑5056‑2020‑15‑4‑42‑53. (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I., Abdrahmanov R.F. (2018) Karst Priajskoi ravniny v Juzhnom Predural’e. Geologiya, poleznye iskopaemye i problemy geoekologii Bashkortostana, Urala i sopredel’nykh territorii. Sbornik statei 12‑i Mezhregional’noi nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii, Ufa, 21–23 maya 2018 g. [Geology, minerals and problems of geoecology of Bashkortostan, the Urals and adjacent territories. Collection of articles of the 12th Interregional scientific-practical conference, Ufa, May 21–23, 2018]. Ufa, 406–411. (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I., Bakieva A.R. (2020) Karst map of the Ufa plateau (within the borders of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Geologicheskii vestnik — Geological Bulletin. (3), 123–136. DOI: 10.31084 / 2619–0087 / 2020‑3‑10 (In Russian).
• Smirnov A.I., Sokolov Ju. V. (2016) Karst caves of the Southern Urals and Cis-Urals and their practical use. Geologiya, poleznye iskopaemye i problemy geoekologii Bashkortostana, Urala i sopredel’nykh territorii. Sbornik statei 11‑i Mezhregional’noi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Ufa, 17–19 maya 2016 g. [Geology, minerals and problems of geoecology of Bashkortostan, the Urals and adjacent territories. Collection of articles of the 11th Interregional scientific-practical conference. Ufa, May 17–19, 2016]. Ufa: DizainPress Publ., 244–246. (In Russian).
• Sokolov D.S. (1962) Osnovnye usloviya razvitiya karsta [Main Conditions of Karst Development]. Moscow: Gosgeoltekhizdat Publ., 322 p. (In Russian).
• Tkachev V.F. (1972). Mineral waters and therapeutic muds. Gidrogeologiya SSSR. T. 15. Bashkirskaya ASSR [Hydrogeology of the USSR. Vol. 15. Bashkir ASSR]. Ed.E. A. Zubrov. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 218–235. (In Russian).
• Turkyshev A.V. (1967) Karst Ufimskogo plato (gidrodinamicheskie i geohimicheskie zakonomernosti razvitiya karsta v sul’ fatnyh i karbonatnyh porodah). Dis. cand. geol.‑min. nauk [Karst of the Ufa plateau (hydrodynamic and geochemical patterns of the development of karst in
  sulfate and carbonate rocks). Cand. geol. and min. sci. diss]. Kungur, 400 p. (In Russian).
• Vahrushev G.V. (1961) Mineral’nye vody I gryazi Bashkirii [Mineral water and mud of Bashkortostan]. Ufa, Bashknigoizdat Publ., 156 p. (In Russian).