Geologicheskii Vestnik

In the study of igneous rocks of the Shatak complex, previously not noted, atypical minerals were found, represented by natural bronze, nickel-plated α-brass, iron disilicide and intermetallic compounds of the Cu — Sn — Ti system. As a result of the research, it was found that the genesis of native bronze is satisfactorily described by the evolution of the melt in the Cu — Sn binary system. At the same time, the process of intermetallic formation in the natural environment is divided into two stages: magmatic and metamorphogenic. Cu — Sn — Ti intermetallic compounds were formed in the temperature range >1005–798°C, the lower limit of which is characterized by the coexistence of tin bronze (Cu — Sn) and Cu — Sn — Ti intermetallic compounds. A model for the formation of complex Cu — Sn + Cu — Sn — Ti + Cu2S precipitates is proposed, which is as follows: segregation separation of a homogeneous melt of complex (Cu — Sn — S — Fe — Ti) composition at a temperature above 1000°C; — diffusion redistribution of melt components with accumulation of elements incoherent for the Cu — Sn system in the marginal parts of segregations; — concentration gradient leads to joint crystallization of Cu — Sn + Cu — Sn — Ti intermetallic compounds and “secondary”» segregation of sulfide melt (Cu2S), both in the form of separate drops and in the form of a “shell”, which turns into chalcocite during subsequent metamorphism. It has been established that the temperature conditions for the formation of iron disilicide are described by the Fe — Si diagram, from the analysis of which it follows that at 1220°C a high-temperature modification of FeSi2 is formed, which at 982°C forms a low-temperature modification of iron disilicide by a peritectoid reaction at a constant silicon content. It is concluded that the genesis of intermetallic compounds in the igneous rocks of the Shatak complex is a multi-stage process and is due to the evolutionary development of the magmatic system as a whole.

Southern Urals, Shatak complex, natural bronze, nickel-plated α-brass, iron disilicide, Cu — Sn — Ti system intermetallics

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