Geologicheskii Vestnik

The history of the coral research in Sterlitamak shikhans began in the middle of the 19th century. A new rise in investigation in the 30–40 years of the 20th century was triggered by the discovery of the Bashkirian oil. The coral assemblage of the Permian reef is represented by solitary and colonial forms and is extremely diverse. The preceding studies allow the determination of the species age-range and distinguish several assemblages of different age. The Asselian part is characterized by rare colonial Protowentzelella and Kleopatrina. Solitary Amplexocarinia and caninoid corals are also found in the Asselian deposits of Kushtau, Toratau, and Shakhtau. The variety of asteroid colonies increases in the upper part of the Tastubian horizon (Sakmarian). Taxonomically, the Tastubian assemblage of Yuraktau Shikhan is the most diverse; its composition includes cerioid and astreoid forms. Locations «on the coral path» and in the southwestern part of the massif have been sampled and studied. In the second occurrence, the astreoid corals prevail. Corals were first discovered in Kushtau shikhan.

corals, reef, Bashkirian shikhans, taxonomic diversity, Lower Permian (Cisuralian)

• Alekseev A.S., Goreva N.V., Kossovaya O.L., Isakova T.N. (2010). K vozrastu rifovogo kompleksa gor Voskresenka [Yuzhnaya Bashkiriya] [To age of the reef complex of the mountain Voskresenka [Southern Bashkiria]. Materialy VIII Mezhregional’noy geologicheskoy konferentsii. Geologiya, poleznyye iskopayemyye i problemy geoekologii Bashkortostana, Urala i sopredel’nykh territoriy, [Proceedings of VIII International geological conference. Geology, ore deposits and problems of geoecology of Bashkortostan, Urals and adjacent territory]. UFSC RAS, 8, p. 35–38.
• Dobroljubova T.A. (1936). Korally verkhnego karbona zapadnogo sklona srednego Ural a i ikh stratigraficheskoye znacheniye [Upper Carboniferous corals of the Western slope of the Middle Ural and their stratigraphic value] Proceedings of “VIMS”, Vol. 103, 61 p. (in Russian).
• Ivanovsky A.B., Shurygina M.V. (1975). Reviziya rugoz Urala (V. Lonsdale, 1845, F.N. Chernyshev, 1885–1893, E.D. Soshkina, 1937, T.V. Nikolaeva 1949). [Revision of the rugoses of the Urals (V. Lonsdeyl, 1845, F.N. Chernyshev, 1885 1893, Ye.D. Soshkina, 1937, T.V. Nikolayeva, 1949)]. Publishing house Science Nauka, “Siberian branch”. 66 p. (In Russian).
• Ivanovski A.B. (1987). Rugosa described by A. A. Stuckenberg (1888–1905). Moskva Nauka, 44p. (In Russian).
• Kozlov V.I. (Ed.) (1995). Guide of the geological excursion on the sections of the Paleozoic and Upper Precambrian of the western slope of the Southern Urals and Cisurals. Ufa, 177 p.
• Korolyuk I.K., Shchekotova I.A. (1989). Putevoditel’ ekskursiy po Sterlitamakskim shikhanam — rifogennym obrazovaniyam rannepermskogo vremeni [Guide for excursions to the Sterlitamak shikhans — reef formations of the early Permian time] Moscow: Nauka. 30 p.
• Korolyuk I.K. (1985). Metody i rezul’taty izucheniya permskogo rifogennogo massiva Shakhtau (Bashkirskoye Priural’ye) [Methods and results of the study of the Permian Shakhtau reef massif (Bashkirian Urals)], Moscow: Nauka. 112 p. (In Russian).
• Kossovaya O.L. (1997) Rugosy tipovykh razrezov gzhel’skogo-artinskogo yarusov Severnogo Timana i Zapadnogo sklona Urala. [Rugose corals of the typical sections of the Gzhelian -Artinskian stages of the Northern Timan and the Western slope of the Urals] In.: Atlas etalonnykh kompleksov
  paleozoyskoy fauny severnoy chasti naseleniya Rossii (ostrakody, brakhiopody, rugozy) [Atlas of reference complexes of Paleozoic fauna of northern European Russia [ostracods, brachiopods, rugosa]. Publishing House VSEGEI, St. Petersburg. P. 53–96. (In Russian).
• Kulagina E.I., Skuin I.A., Kossovaya O.L. (2011). Drevniy mir rannepermskogo rifa Shakhtau na Yuzhnom Urale v kollektsii I.A. Skuina [The ancient world of the early Permian Shakhtau reef in the Southern Urals in the collection of I.A. Skuin] In: Permskaya sistema: stratigrafiya paleontologii, paleogeografiya, geodinamika i mineral’nyye resursy: Sbornik materialov Mezhdunar. Nauch. konf., posvyashchennoy 170‑letiyu so dnya otkrytiya permskoy sistemy (5–9 sent. 2011 g., Perm’) [Permskaya sistema: stratigrafiya paleontologii, paleogeografiya, geodinamika i mineral’nyye resursy] Sbornik materialov Mezhdunar. Nauch. konf., posvyashchennoy 170‑letiyu so dnya otkrytiya permskoy sistemy (5–9 sent. 2011 g., Perm’). Perm.Gos. Un-t. Perm’. P. 116–120.
• Latypov Yu.Y. (2009). Podnogotnaya korallovogo rifa [The background of the coral reef] Photo report of Yu.Y. Fotoreportazh YU. YA. Latypova. Nauka iz pervykh ruk, No 3. P. 27. https://scfh.ru/papers/podnogotnaya-korallovogo-rifa / 
• Ozerskii A. (1849) Murchison R.I. Geologicheskoe opisanie Evropeiskoi Rossii I khrebta Uralskogo. Na osnovanii nabludenii, proizvedennykh Rederikom Impei Murchisonom, Eduardom Verneilem I Aleksandrom Keyserlingom. Chast’ 1. Geologicheskoe opisanie Evropeiskoi Rossii. Perevod s angliiskogo yazyka s prim. I dopol. Aleksandrom Ozerskim. SPb. v tipogr. Glazunova I L., XXV 1849. 1141 p. (in Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1940). Stratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous and Artinskian of the western slope of the Urals and materials to the fauna of fusulinids. Proceedings of IGN Academy of Science of USSR. Vyp. 7. P. 37–101. (In Russian).
• Rauzer-Chernousova D.M. (1950). Fatsii verkhnekamennougol’nykh I artinskikh otlozheniy Sterlitamaksko-Ishimbayevskogo Priural’ya na osnove izucheniya fuzulinid [Facies of the Upper Carboniferous and Artinian deposits of the Sterlitamak-Ishimbayevsky Cis-Urals based on the study of fusulinids] Trudy instituta geologicheskikh nauk AN SSSR. Vyp. 119. Geologichesaya seriya (No 43), P. 1–109. (in Russian).
• Soshkina E.D., Dobrolyubova T.A., Porfiriev G.S.: Permian Rugosa of the European part of the USSR. Paleontology of the USSR. T. 5. Ch. 3. Vyp. 1: M.: Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1941. 304 p. (In Russian).
• Chuvashov B.I., Proust J-N., Boisso T., Vennan E., Chernykh V.V. (1996). To the history of the formation of the Sterlitamak Shikhans [early Permian reef massifs of the Southern Cisurals}. Yezhegodnik — 1995. Informatsionnyi sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Yekaterinburg: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Uralian Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Science. Ekaterinburg. P. 25–34. (In Russian).
• Stuckenberg A. (1895). Korallen und Bryozoen der Steinkohlenablagerungen des Ural und des Timan. Mėmoires du Comitė Geologique. Vol. X, n. 3, 213 p. (In Russian).
• Eichwald E.I. (1861). Palaeontology of Russia. Ancient Period, 2. St Petersburg, 521 p.
• Fagestrom J.A., Weillich O. (1999). Origin of the upper Capitan-Massive limestone (Permian), Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico — Texas: Is it a reef? GSA Bulletin; February 1999; v. 111; no. 2; p. 159–176.
• Fedorowski J., Gorianov V.B. (1973). Redescription of tetracorals described by E. Eichwald, Palaeontology of Russia”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 18: 3–70
• Fedorowski J., Bamber E.W., Stevens C.H. (2007). Lower Permian Colonial Rugose Corals, Western and Northwestern Pangaea. Taxonome and Distribution. NRG Monograph Publishing Program. Canada. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660196640
• Haig D.W., Arthur J. Mory A.J., McCartain E., John Backhouse J., Håkansson E., Ernst A., Nicoll R.S., Shi G.R., Bevan J.C., Vladimir I., Davydov V.I., Hunter A.W., Keep M., Martin S.K., Peyrot D., Kossavaya O., Santos Z.D. (2017). Late Artinskian — Early Kungurian [Early Permian} warming and maximum marine flooding in the East Gondwana interior rift, Timor and Western Australia, and comparisons across East Gondwana Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 468, 88–121.
• Kossovaya O.L. (1993). Some aspects of the study of massive Durhaminidae. Cour. Forsch-inst. Senckenberg, 164, 89–101.
• Kossovaya O.L. Ecological aspect of upper CarboniferousLower Permian’Cyathaxonia Fauna’ taxonomical diversity (the Urals). In: B. Hubmann and W.E. Piller (Eds): Fossil corals and Sponges. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Fossil Corals and Porefera. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Schriftenr. Erdwiss. Komm. 2003. 17. P. 383–405.
• Kossovaya O., Vachard D., Izart A. (2013). Climatic impact on the reef biota in the Cisuralian and Guadalupian [Permian}, East European Platform. Geological Society London, Special Publication, 376:343–366
• Kossovaya O.L., Novak, M., Weyer, D. (2020). New data on lower Permian rugose corals from the Southern Karavanke Mountains (Slovenia). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 59 (3), 261–280. Modena.
• Kutorga S. (1844). Zweiter Beitrag zur Palaeontologie Russlands // Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St.‑Petersburg. P. 62–104.
• Lonsdale W. (1845). Description of some characteristic Palaeozoic corals of Russia. Appendix A in Murchison, de Verneuil & von Keyserling 1845: 591–634, pi. A. MurchisonR.I., de Verneuil, E., von Keyserling A. The Geology of Russia in Europe and Ural Mountains. V: 1–2, London, John Merray,
  Albemaries Street, Paris, P. Bestand Rye Andre ders Arts, MDCCCXLV, 1476 p.
• Novak M., Forke H.C., Schönlaub H.P. (2019). Field Trip C. The Pennsylvanian-Permian of Southern Alps [Carnik Alps / Karavanke Mts., Austria / Italy / Slovenia-fauna, facies and stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate-siliciclasticshallow marine platformalong the northwestern Palaeothetys margin. In: Kölner Forum fur Geologie und Palaontologie, 24, 19th International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian. P. 251–302. (Ed. H.‑G. Herbig, M. Aretz, M.R. W. Amler, S. Hartenfels).
• Rosen B.E., Wise R.F. (1980). Revision of the rugose coral Diphyphyllum concinnum Lonsdale, 1845 and historical remarks on Murchison’s Russian collection. Bull. British Mus.Nat. history (geol.) 33 (2): 147–155.
• Stevens C.H. (2008). Permian colonial Rugose corals from Wrangellian terrane in Alaska. Journal of Paleontol. 82 (5), p. 1043–1050.
• Scholle P. интернет-ресурс https://geoinfo.nmt.edu
• Venin E. (2007). Archaelithoporella — Shamovella (Tubifites-Bryozoan) reef-mound complexes, Russia. In: Facies from Palaeozoic reefs and bioaccumulations. Memoir. du Museum national d’ Histore naturelle, Tome 195, Publication Scientifiques du Museum, Paris. (Eds. Venin, E., Aretz M., Boulvain F., Munnicke A.). 295–297.
• Veron J.E.N. (2000). Corals of the World. Volume 1–3 AIMS и CRR, Queensland.