Geologicheskii Vestnik

Brief information is provided on the current state of the lithium problem in the world, including the knowledge and distribution of lithium in the Riphean rocks of the Southern Urals. Its applicability and relevance in various global industries today is shown. The leaders in reserves of lithium raw materials are currently Chile, China, Argentina, and Australia. In Russia, despite its possession of large resources and reserves of lithium, due to the location of raw material facilities in economically undeveloped areas and the complexity of technological enrichment schemes, deposits are not developed. The main minerals — raw materials sources of lithium — are spodumene, lepidolite, and, to a lesser extent, petalite, amblygonite, and zinnwaldite. The most Li-containing brine is the brine of salt lakes, where lithium is present in the form of various sulfate and chloride compounds. The main commercial lithium deposits include pegmatite, granite, caldera and salar types. In the Southern Urals, two stratigraphic intervals of lithium enrichment are distinguished: Lower and Middle Riphean. The first of them is associated with deposits of the Suran formation, the second — with the Avzyan (Kuzha) formations. The presence of cryolithionite was revealed in the Suran sellaite-fluorite deposit; the presence of phlogopite is assumed in the Suran and Avzyan formations. Poor knowledge of the geochemistry of lithium in the Riphean rocks of the Southern Urals dictates further geological and geochemical research in this direction. It is shown that Riphean deposits of the Bashkirian meganticlinorium may be promising for the detection of increased lithium concentrations.

Lithium, spodumene, lepidolite, fluorite, Riphean, Southern Urals

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