Geologicheskii Vestnik

The article discusses the hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical features of the formation of groundwater in the hypergenesis zone of the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals. Low-mineralized (fresh) waters, the ionic composition of which is mainly represented by calcium, magnesium and sodium hydrocarbonates, are of the greatest practical importance for the purposes of domestic and drinking water supply. A common feature of the soda waters of the Volga-Ural artesian basin is their low miniralization (M 0.5–0.9, sometimes up to 1.2–1.5 g/dm³). The gas composition of air-origin waters (oxygen-nitrogen); O₂ content is 1–5, N₂ — 10–30, CO₂ — 20–90 mg/dm³. In the Volga-Ural basin, when infiltration waters affect water-bearing rocks as a result of hydrolysis of feldspar aluminosilicate rocks with parallel leaching of highly soluble carbonates, it is possible to form soda waters, among the cations of which alkaline earth components will prevail.

Resources of fresh groundwater have been estimated: significant resources (from 5 to 10 l/s×km²) – in areas of carbonate karst development (Ufa plateau, Pre-Ural marginal trough), low resources (from 1.05 to 0.2–0.1 l/s×km²) within the Kama-Belsky depression and almost complete absence in the lower reaches of the Tanalyk River basin (less than 0.1 l/s×km²). From the entire territory, areas of oil-producing (7.5% over 15 thousand km²), mining (about 5% about 7–8 thousand km²) technogenesis, urbanized territories (3–4%), nature conservation and other territories (M > 1 g/dm³) are rejected. Of the entire territory, about 33% of the area remains for assessment.

fresh groundwater, fresh water resources, technogenesis, environmental monitoring, Southern Urals and Pre-Urals

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