Geologicheskii Vestnik

A detailed foraminiferal zonation composed of four zones is proposed for the Upper Visean of Russia. The sequence is based on the evolutionary lines Endothyranopsis compressa – End. crassa – End. sphaerica and Ikensieformis proikensis – I. ikensis – I. tenebrosa. Foraminiferal assemblages of this sequence for borehole 401 Syzran of the Volga-Urals subregion of the East European Platform are presented. This section served as the basis for the zonal foraminiferal scale of Russia. Holotypes of some foraminifera species come from this borehole. Zonal foraminiferal assemblages from the thin section collection of Borehole 401 Syzran are illustrated and the distribution of the stratigraphically significant species in the section is shown.

нижний карбон, визейский ярус, верхневизейский подъярус, фораминиферы

• Alekseev A.S. (2008) Carboniferous system. State of knowledge of the Precambrian and Phanerozoic stratigraphy of Russia. Objectives for further research. Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing commissions. St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publishing House. 38, 61–68. (In Russian).
• Alekseev A.S., Ponomareva G.Yu. (2016) Biostratigraphy of the Visean and Serpukhovian stages (foraminifers and conodonts) in the sections of the western clone of the Northern and Middle Urals. General stratigraphic scale and methodological problems of developing regional stratigraphic scales of Russia: materials of the interdepartmental working meeting, October 17–20, 2016, 132–135. (In Russian).
• Alekseev A.S. Kossovaya O.L. and Goreva N.V. (2013) Current State and Perspectives Of The Perfection Of The General Stratigraphic Scale for the Carboniferous System of Russia. General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia: Current State and Ways of Perfection. Ed. Fedonkin M.A. Proc. All-Russian Conference, Moscow, May 23–25, 2013. Moscow: GIN RAS, 165–177. (In Russian).
• Akhmetshina L.Z., Gibshman N.B., Kuandykov B.M., Uskova N.A., Kononets V.I., Baimagambetov B.K., Kukhtinov D.A., and Degtyareva L.V. (2007) Atlas of fossils, microfacies and sedimentation environments of Famennian-Carboniferous deposits of the Caspian Basin (Kazakhstanpart). Almaty: CMYC-OFFSET. 476 p. (In Russian).
• Vdovenko M.V. (1994) Zonal subdivision of the Visean and Serpukhovian deposits of the Moscow syneclise based on foraminifera. Stratigraphy. Geological correlation. 2 (3), 46–50. (In Russian).
• Vdovenko M.V. (2009) Foraminiferal zones of the Lower Carboniferous of the Don-Dnieper region. Geological journal. 4, 75–86. (In Russian).
• Vdovenko M.V., Zhuliova V.E. (1993) Foraminifera. Lower Carboniferous of the Moscow Syneclise and Voronezh Anteclise. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 122–129. (In Russian).
• Vdovenko M.V., Solovieva M.N., Bensh F.R. (1986) Carboniferous Zonal Scale by Foraminifera. Zonal Stratigraphy by Microorganisms and Methods of its Development. Abstract of the 10 All-Union Micropaleontological Conference. Leningrad, 52–54. (In Russian).
• Vissarionova A.I. (1948) Primitive fusulinids from the Lower Carboniferousof the European part of the USSR. Stratigraphy and foraminifers of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 216–226 (In Russian).
• Gibshman N.B. (2003) Foraminifers from the Serpukhovian Stage Stratotype,the Zabor’e Quarry (Moscow Region). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 11, 39–63. (In Russian).
• Gibshman N.B., (2015) Phylogeny and systematics of Early Carboniferous foraminifera of the genus Janischewskina Mikhailov, 1935. Modern problems of paleontology. Mater. LXI session Paleontol. Society at the Russian Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg, 29–31. (In Russian). http://www.spsl.nsc.ru/FullText/konfe/61_session.pdf (accessed: October 20, 2025)
• Gibshman N.B., Gutorova A.V. (2015) Palaeotextulariida Hohenegger et Pillet, 1975 (Foraminifera) of the Late Visean (Lower Carboniferous) Moscow Basin. Modern micropaleontology. Collection of works of the XVI All-Russian micropaleontological conference. Kaliningrad. 195–198. (In Russian). http://www.ginras.ru/materials/files/modern_micropaleontology2015.pdf (accessed: October 20, 2025)
• Gibshman N.B., Vevel Ya. A., E.L. Zaytseva, T.I. Stepanova (2018) Foraminifera of the Genus Janischewskina Mikhailov, 1935 emend. Mikhailov, 1939: Morphology, Areal and Biostratigraphy of Visean and Serpukhovian Stages. Proc. XVII All-Russian micropaleontological conference "Modern micropaleontology – problems and prospects" (Kazan, 2018). Afanasyeva M.S., Alekseev A.S. (Eds.) Moscow: PIN RAS, 28–33. (In Russian).
• Gibshman N.B., Vevel Ya.A., Zaytseva E.L. and Stepanova T.I. (2020) Foraminifers of the Genus Janischewskina Mikhailov from the Upper Viséan-Serpukhovian (Mississippian) of Eurasia. Paleontological Journal. 54 (2), 3–21. DOI: 10.31857/S0031031X2002004X (In Russian).
• Davydov V.I., Popov A.V. (1991) Carboniferous system // Zonal stratigraphy of the Phanerozoic USSR. Moscow: Nedra Publ, 64–75. (In Russian).
• Zaitseva E.L., Sakhnenko K.V. (2018) Facies features of the distribution of late Visean foraminifera of the Volga-Ural region. XVII All-Russian micropaleontological meeting. Modern micropaleontology – problems and prospects. Moscow: PIN RAS, 44–48. (In Russian).
• Ivanova R.M. (1973) On the stratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Visean deposits of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Carboniferous deposits of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (Magnitogorsk synclinorium). Sverdlovsk: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Scientific Center RAS, 18–86. (In Russian).
• Ivanova R.M. (2009) Venevian and Tarusian foraminifera in the Moscow Basin (Venev Monastyr and Bekhovo Sections): a problem of the Viséan – Serpukhovian boundary. CarboniferousType Sections in Russia and Potential Global Stratotypes. South Urals Ses-sion. Proceedings of the International Field Meeting “The Historical Type Sections, Proposed and Potential GSSPs of the Carboniferous in Russia”, Ufa – Sibai, August 13–18, 2009. Design Polygraph Service Ltd. Ufa, 206–211. (In Russian).
• Kaida K.V. (2023) Distribution of foraminifera of the superfamily Palaeotextularioidea Galloway, 1933 in the Upper Visean and Serpukhovian deposits of the Lower Carboniferous. Micropaleontology: fundamental problems and contribution to regional geological study of the subsoil. Proceedings of the XVIII All-Russian Micropaleontological Meeting (St. Petersburg, 2023) / ed.-in-chief M.A. Tkachenko; responsible eds. A.S. Alekseev, V.S. Vishnevskaya, E.L. Grundan, T.Yu. St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publ., 120–125. (In Russian).
• Kostygova P.K. (2004) Pechora paleobasin in the Visean and Serpukhovian ages and foraminifera of the Lower Visean. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the St. Petersburg cartographic factory VSEGEI. 203 p.
• Kulagina E.I., Gibshman N.B. (2005) General zonal scale of the Lower Carboniferous of Russia by Foraminifera. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Geologicheskiy. 80 (2), 33–59. (In Russian).
• Kulagina E.I., Stepanova T.I., Zaytseva E.L., Gorozhanina E.N., Gibshman N.B., Ivanova R.M., Vevel Ya.A., Ponomareva G.Yu. and Filimonova T. V. (2018) Atlas of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous foraminifers and microfacies of Northern Eurasia. Famennian and Tournaisian. M.: PIN RAS. 220 p. http://ig.ufaras.ru/publikatsii/monografii-i-stati/ (In Russian).
• Lipina O.A. (1948) Textulariids of the upper part of the Lower Carboniferous of the southern wing of the Moscow Basin. Stratigraphy and foraminifers of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 196–215. (In Russian).
• Lipina O.A. (1960) Stratigraphy of the Tournaisian Stage and Boundary Layers of the Devonian and Carboniferous Systems in the Eastern Part of the Russian Platform and the Western Slope of the Urals. Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 14, 3–157. (In Russian).
• Malakhova N.P. (1975) Foraminifera, algae and stratigraphy of the lower Visean of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Foraminifera and stratigraphy of the early Visean of the Urals: Collection on stratigraphy. Sverdlovsk. 21, 71–97. (In Russian).
• New oil base of the USSR in the east (1934) Main ways of development of oil-producing base on the western and southern slopes of the Urals based on materials of geological conference of Glavneft and Vostokneft (Moscow, 1934). I. D. Zhorov (Ed.) Moscow, Grozny, Leningrad, Novosibirsk: State Scientific-Technical Mining and Geological Oil Publishing House. 132 p. (In Russian).
• Key sections and fauna of the Visean and Namurian stages of the Middle and Southern Urals (1978). G.P. Grozdilova, V.M. Pozner, A.A. Sultanaev (Eds.). Leningrad: Nedra Publ. 175 p. (In Russian).
• Orlova O.B. (1996) On the problem of systematics and diagnostics of some Ozawainellida (according to the data from correlative relations). Uzbekiskii Geologicheskiy Zhurnal. 3, 3–8. (In Russian).
• Ponomareva G.Yu. (2005) Eostaffellinae (Foraminifera) in the Visean sections of the Western Urals. Microaleontology in Russia at the turn of the century: Proceedings / 8th All-Russian micropaleontological conference. Moscow: GEOS, 55–56. (In Russian).
• Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing commissions (1997) St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publ. 29, 15–18. (In Russian).
• Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing commissions (1998) St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publ. 30, 21–28. (In Russian).
• Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing commissions (1982) St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publ. 20, 30–32. (In Russian).
• Resolutions of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee and its standing commissions (2003) St. Petersburg: VSEGEI Publ. 34, 36–40. (In Russian).
• Postoyalko M.V. (1975) Spherical Eostaffella and Pseudoendothyra in the Lower Carboniferous section of the Middle Urals. Carboniferous deposits in the Urals: Collection of articles. Sverdlovsk, 68–83. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1934) On the microfauna and stratigraphic subdivision of the Carboniferous section of the Samara Luka. Oil Industry. 8, 26–30. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1937) Chapter 2: Upper Paleozoic foraminifers, in Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M., Fursenko, A.V., Guide to Foraminifers from the Oil-Bearing Regions of the USSR, Part 1: ONTI, NKTP, SSSR, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Gorno-Toplivnoy Literatury, Leningrad and Moscow. 320 p. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M., Belyaev G.M., Reitlinger E.A. (1936) Upper Paleozoic foraminifers of the Pechora region. Trudy Polyarnoy Komissii, vyp. 28. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 159-232 (In Russian and German).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M., Belyaev G.M., Reitlinger E.A. (1940) On foraminifera of the Carboniferous deposits of the Samara Luka. Proceedings of the Oil Geological Prospecting Institute. Nov. Series. 7, 87 p. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1948a) Materials on the foraminiferal fauna of the Carboniferous deposits of central Kazakhstan: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya. 66 (2), 1–25. (in Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1948б) Stratigraphy of the Visean and Namurian stages of the Syzran oil field based on foraminifera fauna. Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 41–66. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D. M. (1948в) Lower Carboniferous endothyrins of the group Endothyra crassa and related forms. Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 166–175. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1948г) Some new species of foraminifers from Lower Carboniferous deposits of the Moscow Basin. Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 227–238. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1948д) Some new Lower Carboniferous foraminifers of the Syzran region. Stratigraphy and foraminifers of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 239–243. (In Russian).
• Rauser-Chernousova D.M. (1948e) Genus Cribrospira Moeller. Stratigraphy and foraminifers of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 186–189. (In Russian).
• Reitlinger E.A. (1965) Biostratigraphy of Lower Carboniferous Deposits Based on Foraminiferal Fauna. Geology of Coal-Bearing Formations and Stratigraphy of the USSR Carboniferous. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 141–153. (In Russian).
• Reitlinger E.A. (1960) The Significance of Foraminifera for Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy. Pre-Quaternary Micropaleontology. Moscow: Gosgeoltekhizdat, 56–64. (In Russian).
• Decision of the Interdepartmental Regional Stratigraphic Conference on the Middle and Upper Paleozoic of the Russian Platform with Regional Stratigraphic Schemes (1990) Leningrad, 1988. Carboniferous System A. Kh. Kagarmanov, L.M. Donakova. (Eds.). L.: VSEGEI Publishing House, 41 p. + schemes. (In Russian).
• Sakhnenko K.V. (2023) New species of foraminifera of the superfamily Palaeotextularioidea Galloway from the Upper Visean-Serpukhovian deposits (Lower Carboniferous) of the East European Platform. Paleontological Journal, 2, 3–17. (In Russian).
• Sakhnenko K.V., Gibshman N.B., Zaitseva E.L. (2018) Late Visean (Lower Carboniferous) Palaeotextulariids from Some Sections of the Volga-Ural Region. PALEOSTRAT-2018. Annual Meeting (Scientific Conference) of the Paleontology Section of MOIP and the Moscow Branch of the Paleontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Program and Abstracts of Reports. S. Alekseev (Ed.). 50–51. (In Russian).
• Sakhnenko K.V., Zaitseva E.L., Gibshman N.B. (2019) Palaeotextulariids (Foraminifera) from the Upper Visean Deposits of the Volga-Ural Region and the Moscow Basin. Collection of Abstracts of the Int. Stratigr. Conf. Golovkinsky, 2019 “Sedimentary planetary systems of the Late Paleozoic: stratigraphy, geochronology, hydrocarbon resources”, 2019. Kazan: KFU Publ., 234–235. (In Russian).
• Sakhnenko K.V., Zaitseva E.L., Gibshman N.B. (2020) The Importance of Foraminifera of the Superfamily Palaetextularioidea for the Stratigraphy and Paleobiogeography of the Lower Carboniferous of Eurasia. Problems of Regional Geology of Northern Eurasia. Proc. Conf. Moscow: MGRI-RGGRU, 101–104. (In Russian).
• Stepanova T.I. (2016) Carbonate formations and foraminifers of the early Visean in the east of the Middle Urals. Yearbook-2015. Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 163, 37–42. (In Russian).
• Stepanova T.I. (2025) On the age of the foraminiferal complex in the type locality of the index species Viseidiscus primaevus (Pronina, 1963). Lithosphere. (In press). (In Russian).
• Stepanova T.I., Kulagina E.I. (2019) Zonal subdivision of the Lower Visean Substage in the Urals based on foraminifera. In the book: Morphological evolution and stratigraphic problems. Proceedings of the LXV session of the Paleontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Russian Academy of Sciences, Paleontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, All-Russian Geological Research Institute named after A.P. Karpinsky, 147–149. (In Russian).
• Stepanova T.I., Kucheva N.A. (2009) Paleontological substantiation of the horizons of the Serpukhovian Stage of the Eastern-Uralian subregion in the stratotype section on the Khudolaz River // Carboniferous Type Sections in Russia and Potential Global Stratotypes. South Urals Ses-sion. Proceedings of the International Field Meeting “The Historical Type Sections, Proposed and Potential GSSPs of the Carboniferous in Russia”, Ufa – Sibai, August 13–18, 2009. DesignPolygraphService Ltd. Ufa, 97–128. (In Russian).
• Stepanova T.I., Postoyalko M.V. (2012) Microfaunistic characteristics and correlation of the Mironovskaya suite deposits (Lower Visean substage) in the Pokrovskoye section, eastern slope of the Middle Urals. Lithosphere. 1, 54–73. (In Russian).
• Stratigraphic schemes of the Urals (Precambrian, Paleozoic) (1993) Interdepartmental Strat. Committee of Russia. Ekaterinburg. 151 p. 151 schemes. (In Russian).
• Sultanaev A. A. (1960) On the boundary between the Lower and Middle Carboniferous on the eastern slope of the Urals. Geological collection. L.: Gostoptekhizdat, 5, 337–420. (In Russian).
• Fortunatova N.K., Zaitseva E.L., Bushueva M.A., Ermolova T.E., Mikheeva A.I., Stupak A.A., Baranova A.V., Kononova L.I., Mamontov D.A., Kharchenko S.I., Avdeeva A.A., Kanev A.S., Evdokimov N.V., Goncharov E.O., Zorin A.B., Belousov G.A., Gorodkov A.B., Shishkina T.Yu., Volodina A.G., Kholmyanskaya N.Yu., Kravchenko M.S., Afanasyeva M.S., Evdokimova I.O. (2023) Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Volga-Ural subregion (materials for updating the stratigraphic scheme). Moscow: VNIGNI. 288 p. (In Russian).
• Chernysheva N.E. (1948) On Archaediscus and related forms from the Lower Carboniferous of the USSR. Stratigraphy and foraminifers of the Lower Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and the Urals. Moscow: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 150–158. (In Russian).
• Alekseev A.S., Nikolaeva S.V., Goreva N.V., Donova N.B., Kossovaya O.L., Kulagina E.I., Kucheva N.A., Kurilenko A.V., Kutygin R.V., Popeko L.I. and Stepanova T.I. (2022) Russian regional Carboniferous stratigraphy. The Carboniferous Timescale. Geological Society, London, Special Publicationthis. 512 (1), 49–117. DOI: 10.1144/SP512-2021-134
• Brenckle P.L. (2005) A compendium of Upper Devonian-Carboniferous type foraminifers from the former Soviet Union. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, special publication 38, 1–153.
• Cózar P., Vachard D., Somerville I.D., Izart A., Coronado I. (2020) The lower–middle Viséan boundary interval in the Palaeotethys: refinements for the foraminiferal zonal schemes. Geological Magazine. 157(3), 513 - 526 https://doi.org/10.1017/S001675681900102X
• Devuyst F.X, Hance L., Poty E. (2006) Moliniacian. Geologica Belgica. 9/1–2, 123–131.
• Gibshman N.B. (1997) Foraminiferal zonation and paleogeography of early Carboniferous Precaspian Depression (West Kazakhstan). Late Paleozoic Foraminifera, their Biostratigraphy, Evolution and Paleoecology, and the Mid-Carboniferous Boundary / Eds C.A. Ross, J.R.P. Ross, P.L. Brenckle. Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res. Spec. Publ. 36, 150–160.
• Gibshman N.B., Kabanov P.B., Alekseev A.S., Goreva N.V., Moshkina M.A. (2009) Novogurovsky Quarry. Upper Visean and Serpukhovian. Type and reference Carboniferous sections in the south part of the Moscow Basin. Moscow: PIN RAS, 13–44.
• Ginkel A.C.van. (2010) Systematics of the Eostaffellidae. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication. 42, 1–130. https://www.marinespecies.org/Foraminifera/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=290122
• Hance L., Hou H., Vachard D. (2011) Upper Famennian to Visean foraminifers and some carbonate microproblematica from South China – Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou. Beijing Geological Publishing House: Beijing, 1–359.
• Kulagina E.L., Gibshman N.B., Pazukhin V.I. (2003) Foraminiferal zonal standard for Lower Carboniferous of Russia and it correlation with conodont zonation. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 109 (2), 167–179.
• Lipina O.A., Reitlinger E.A. (1970) Stratigraphie zonale et paléozoogéographique du Carbonifère inférieur d’après les foraminifères. 6ème Congress International sur la Stratigraphie et la Géologie du Carbonifère, Comptes Rendus. Sheffield. 3, 1101–1112.
• Loeblich A.R.Jr., and Tappan H. (1964) Sarcodina, chiefly “Thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida, Part C. Moore R.C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Protista 2: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 2, 900 p.
• Nikolaeva S.V., E.I. Kulagina E.I., Gorozhanina E.N., Alekseev A.S., Konovalova V.A. (2017) Conodonts, ammonoids, foraminifers, and depositional settings of the Serpukhovian and Bashkirian stages in the Kugarchi Section in the South Urals, Russia. Stratigraphy. Text-figures 1–8. Plates 1–5. 14 (1–4), 319–347. DOI: 10.29041/strat.14.1-4.319-347
• Poty E., Aretz M., Hance L. (2014) Belgian substages as a basis for an international chronostratigraphic division of the Tournaisian and Viséan. Geological Magazine. 151 (2), 229–243. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756813000587
• Poty E., Devuyst F.-X., Hance L. (2006) Upper Devonian and Mississippian foraminiferal and rugose coral zonations of Belgium and Northern France: a tool for Eurasian correlations. Geological Magazine. 143, 829–857.
• Poty E., Hance L. (2006a) Livian. Geologica Belgica. Current status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas. Dejonghe L. (Ed.). Brussels. 9/1–2, 133–138.
• Poty E., Hance L. (2006b) Warnantian. Geologica Belgica. Current status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas. Dejonghe L. (Ed.). Brussels. 9/1–2, 139–144.
• Sakhnenko K., Zaytseva E. (2020) Evolution of the superfamily Palaeotextularioidea Galloway, 1933 (Foraminifera) in the lower Carboniferous. Proceedings of Kazan Golovkinsky Stratigraphic Meeting 26–30 October 2020, Kazan, Russia. Sedimentary Earth Systems: Stratigraphy, Geochronology, Petroleum Resources. Filodiritto Publisher, 238–243.