Geologicheskii Vestnik

At the latitude of the Lake Yalangaskul on the western limb of the Khudolaz syncline at the base of the Biyagoda formation are acidic volcaniclastic greywackes. The grains composing them are represented by quartz, plagioclase, and acid volcanics. Grains of medium and basic volcanics, quartzites and cherts are of primary importance. Three types of acidic greywacke are distinguished. The first type — greywackes together with charts make up an independent lentil-like body — the Yalangas lentil. Its thickness is 350 m, its length is about 20 km. The second type — single layers of acid greywackes are deposited among polymictic greywackes, which overlap the Yalangas lentil and are associated with layers of cherts. The third type — the block of acidic volcaniclastic greywackes 150×10–25 cm in size lies in a bed of polymictic greywackes. A petrographic study of acidic volcaniclastic greywackes allowed to describe and interpret very different penecontemporaneous textures developed in them. At the stage of diagenesis and early catagenesis, regeneration rims of quartz and quartz polycrystalline interstitial cement were formed. During the late catagenesis, conform and incorporation textures were formed, quartz and plagioclase were regenerated. At the metagenesis, deformation lamellae and undulatory extinction in quartz grains, cracks, blastic textures were formed. Nests and veins filled with polycrystalline quartz and rare crystals of authigenic plagioclase formed at the stage of retrograde epigenesis. The degree of transformation increases from the third-type acidic greywacke to the first. The revealed stages of epigenesis are linked to the geological history of the territory. The processes of dia- and catagenesis proceeded most intensively at the turn of the Frasnian and Famennian under conditions of high-speed sedimentation (about 1500 mm/thousand years).In the Famennian these processes probably gradually faded out. Metagenesis was caused by collisional processes in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. Studies have shown that a significant role in the epigenetic transformations of the studied rocks was played by solutions saturated with silica. It is assumed that their source was predominantly siliceous sediments/rocks abounding in the studied section.

catagenesis, metagenesis, epigenesis, regeneration rims, incorporation textures, quartz, plagioclase, blastic textures, acidic volcaniclastic greywackes, the Frasnian, Biyagoda formation, avalanche sedimentation, South Urals

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